Black carbon refers to fine particulate matter containing carbon that is produced by incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, biomass, and biofuels. These particles are considered a type of air pollution and have negative impacts on human health and the environment. Black carbon can absorb and scatter sunlight, contributing to global warming and climate change. It can also settle on snow and ice, reducing their reflectivity and accelerating melting. Research in this area focuses on understanding the sources, distribution, and effects of black carbon, as well as developing strategies to mitigate its impact on both climate and public health.